awk
с /
в качестве разделителя полей, а затем выводить поле 2 и поле 3 (с обязательным заполнением нулями):
... | awk -F/ '{ printf("%s %010d\n", $2, $3) }'
Пример:
$ cat file.txt
./Columbia/815425_0001104659-11-049107.txt: CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0000815425
./Columbia/815425_0001104659-12-060231.txt: CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0000815425
./Columbia/815425_0001104659-13-066298.txt: CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0000815425
./Dimensional Advisors/355437_0001137439-04-000108.txt: CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0000355437
./Dimensional Advisors/355437_0001137439-05-000205.txt: CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0000355437
./Dimensional Advisors/355437_0001137439-06-000306.txt: CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0000355437
./Dimensional Advisors/355437_0001137439-08-000364.txt: CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0000355437
./Dimensional Advisors/355437_0001137439-09-000076.txt: CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0000355437
./Dimensional Advisors/355437_0001137439-12-000295.txt: CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0000355437
./Dimensional Advisors/355437_0001140361-10-035592.txt: CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0000355437
$ awk -F/ '{ printf("%s %010d\n", $2, $3) }' file.txt
Columbia 0000815425
Columbia 0000815425
Columbia 0000815425
Dimensional Advisors 0000355437
Dimensional Advisors 0000355437
Dimensional Advisors 0000355437
Dimensional Advisors 0000355437
Dimensional Advisors 0000355437
Dimensional Advisors 0000355437
Dimensional Advisors 0000355437