Могу ли я перенести самбу с устройства на другое?

Прочитав man ssh_configи man sshd_config, я обнаружил, что переменные среды, экспортируемые ssh, контролируются директивой SendEnvв /etc/ssh/ssh_config:

SendEnv
         Specifies what variables from the local environ(7) should be sent to the server.
         The server must also support it, and the server must be configured to accept these
         environment variables.  Note that the TERM environment variable is always sent
         whenever a pseudo-terminal is requested as it is required by the protocol.  Refer to
         AcceptEnv in sshd_config(5) for how to configure the server.  Variables are
         specified by name, which may contain wildcard characters.  Multiple environment
         variables may be separated by whitespace or spread across multiple SendEnv
         directives.  The default is not to send any environment variables.

и, на сервере, директива AcceptEnvв (сервере)/etc/ssh/sshd_config:

 AcceptEnv
         Specifies what environment variables sent by the client will be copied into the
         session's environ(7).  See SendEnv in ssh_config(5) for how to configure the client.
         The TERM environment variable is always sent whenever the client requests a pseudo-
         terminal as it is required by the protocol.  Variables are specified by name, which
         may contain the wildcard characters ‘*’ and ‘?’.  Multiple environment variables may
         be separated by whitespace or spread across multiple AcceptEnv directives.  Be
         warned that some environment variables could be used to bypass restricted user
         environments.  For this reason, care should be taken in the use of this directive.
         The default is not to accept any environment variables.

НО ваши XDG_переменные относятся к сеансу вашего рабочего стола. Простое копирование их как -в другую систему не имеет смысла.

Это похоже на проблему "XY". Зачем вам XDG_переменные на стороне сервера sshбеседы? -Xи -Yнастроили локальный X-сервер и установили для вас $DISPLAY.