Это pacman -Qo
.
% pacman -Qo x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-pkg-config
/usr/bin/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-pkg-config is owned by pkgconf 1.6.3-1
От pacman (8):
Query Options (apply to -Q)
-o, --owns
Search for packages that own the specified file(s). The path can be relative or absolute, and one or more files can be specified.