Возможно, это поможет:
#!/bin/sh
echo "enter the password"
read -r password
caps="$(echo "$password" | sed 's/[^A-Z]//g')"
lowers="$(echo "$password" | sed 's/[^a-z]//g')"
numbers="$(echo "$password" | sed 's/[^0-9]//g')"
if [ "${#password}" -lt 8 ]; then
echo "password lenght should be greater than or equal 8"
else
echo "caps=${#caps} lowers=${#lowers} numbers=${#numbers}"
if [ "${#caps}" -ge 1 ] && [ "${#lowers}" -ge 1 ] && [ "${#numbers}" -ge 1 ]; then
echo "Strong password"
else
echo "Weak password"
fi
fi